The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia or sedation with a nerve block. The reconstruction is performed under arthroscopic or keyhole surgery. 3-4 cuts will be made around the knee. An arthroscope, a tube with a small video camera on the end, is inserted through one incision to see the inside of the knee joint. Along with the arthroscope, a sterile solution is pumped into the joint to expand it enabling the surgeon to have a clear view and space to work inside the joint.

The torn ACL will be removed and the pathway for the new ACL is prepared. Small holes are drilled into the top on the tibia (shin bone) and bottom of the femur (thigh bone) where these bones come together at the knee joint. Then the new ligament is pulled through the pre-drilled holes in the tibia and femur and fixed into the bone with screws to hold it into place while it heals. The incisions are then closed with sutures and a dressing is placed.

Possible risks and complications associated with ACL reconstruction include:

• Numbness

• Infection

• Blood clots

• Nerve and blood vessel damage

• Failure of the graft

• Loosening of the graft

• Decreased range of motion

• Pain in the knee

Post-operative

Following the surgery, rehabilitation begins immediately. A physiotherapist will teach you specific exercises to be performed to strengthen your leg and restore knee movement. Full recovery may take up to 9 months depending on your type of work and the type of activities you would like to resume.